Severe Headache (Adult)
 
Status
Severe Headache: Pain Score >7
   
Assess
• Suspected cerebral bleed
• Potential Meningeal Infection
If suspected Meningococcal infection manage as per Meningococcal Septicaemia
Manage seizures as per Continuous Seizures
Stop
If uncertain, manage as suspected intracranial bleed as per Non Traumatic Intra-Cranial Event
   
In the first instance consider managing all headache:
Stemetil 12.5 mg IM
Methoxyflurane 3ml

- If effective, repeat Methoxyflurane 3ml if required (max. 6ml)
   
Assess
If after 15 minutes of above therapy and patient still c/o severe headache (>7) and destination hospital remains >15 minutes:
         
IV Access   If not able to gain IV access:
Morphine 2.5mg IV 5 minutely, titrated to pain or side effects (max. dose 20mg)

- Aim is to reduce pain to <7
  If age <60 and >60kg: Fentanyl 100mcg IN

- Repeat up to 25mcg Fentanyl IN 5 minutely, titrated to pain or side effects (max. dose 200mcg)
If alergic or sensitive to morphine:

Fentanyl 25 mcg IV 5 minutely, titrated to pain or side effects (max. dose 200mcg)
- If age >60 and/or <60kg: Fentanyl 50mcg IN

- Repeat up to 25mcg Fentanyl IN 5 minutely, titrated to pain or side effects (max. dose 100mcg)
         
Special notes
The max of Methoxyflurane is 6ml per 24hr period
If respiratory depression occurs due to narcotic administration - manage as per Overdose

Stemetil is indicated in the management of the severe headache irrespective of nausea and vomiting

The administration of high flow oxygen therapy may be of assistance in managing the severe headache
The management of severe dehydration where indicated may be of assistance in the management of the severe headache
Narcotic pain relief should not be administered during late second stage of labour. If narcotics have been administered, Naloxone should not be administered to the newborn.