Atropine |
Presentation |
• 0.6 mg in 1ml amp • 1.2 mg in 1ml amp |
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Pharmacology |
• An anticholinergic agent | ||||||||||||
Actions |
• Inhibits the actions of acetylcholine on post-ganglionic cholinergic nerves at the
neuro-effector site, e.g. as a vagal blocker and allows sympathetic effect to: - increase pulse rate by increasing S.A. Node firing rate - increase the conduction velocity through the A.V. Node • Antidote to reverse the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors, e.g. organophosphate insecticides, at the post-ganglionic neuro-effector sites of cholinergic nerves, i.e. reduces the excessive salivary, sweat, gastrointestinal, and bronchial secretions, and relaxes smooth muscles. |
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Metabolism |
• By the liver and • Excreted mainly by the kidneys |
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Primary Emergency Indications |
• Bradycardia with poor perfusion Adult • Organophosphate poisoning with excessive cholinergic effects Adult Paed |
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Contraindications |
Nil of significance in the above indications | ||||||||||||
Precautions |
• Atrial flutter • Atrial fibrillation • Do not increase heart rate above 100/min except in children under 6 years • Glaucoma |
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Route of Administration |
• Intravenous • Endotracheal |
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Side Effects |
• Tachycardia • Palpitations • Dry mouth • Dilated pupils • Visual blurring • Retention of urine • Confusion, restlessness (in large doses) • Hot, dry skin (in large doses) |
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Special Notes |
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Therapeutic Effect |
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| Reference | Dilutions - Atropine - Paediatric IV - Atropine - Adult via ETT - Atropine - Paediatric via ETT |